Josh Swihart：銀行拒絕服務後，如何自己掌握錢？

0:00開場

0:00Dev 走上來想跟我 fist bump，我完全沒接到，被你們分心了。好，幾年前我向一家銀行申請房屋重貸，那家銀行我從十幾歲就用到現在，超過 30 年。Dev tried to fist bump me on the way up, and I totally missed it. I was distracted by you all. All right, so a few years ago, I applied for a refinance on my home to a bank that I had been with for over 30 years, since I was a teenager.

0:20信用完美、還款紀錄完美。送進承銷，結果回來：「抱歉 Josh，我們拒絕你。」理由是我們不喜歡你服務的公司，你做的事我們不喜歡。My credit was perfect. My payment history was perfect. It went to the underwriter, and it came back, and they said, "We're sorry, Josh, you've been rejected." You've been rejected because we don't like the company that you're working for.

0:38去年 OCC 公布研究，美國九家最大銀行曾拒絕提供金融服務，只因對方做的是合法、但銀行不喜歡的工作。You do work that we don't like. Last year, the OCC released a study showing that nine of the largest banks in the U.S. were denying financial services to people because they were doing lawful work, lawful work that they did not like.

0:56我最早愛上隱私與言論自由，是透過電子布告欄，那時還沒有網際網路，要用數據機撥號。我可以成為某個人，沒人知道我是誰，可以就觀點交流。I first kind of fell in love with privacy and free speech with bulletin boards. This was before the internet. You had to dial up with a modem, and I was able to be somebody. Nobody knew who I was. I could engage on ideas.

1:15跟我對話的人可能大我 10 歲、30 歲，我完全不知道。言論因此變得很重要。後來我把它當成理所當然。接著網際網路誕生、爆發，我們想在網路上有加密言論，那一仗打得很兇。I was talking to people that may be 10 years older than me, 30 years older. I had no idea. So speech became very important. And then I kind of took it for granted. And then what happened was the internet was born. It blew up. And we tried to get encrypted speech on the internet. And there was a battle.

1:38從 PGP 到加密貨幣

1:38Phil Zimmermann 做了 PGP，被刑事調查三年。Cypherpunks 反擊：寫程式、印成書、運到海外，主張這不是彈藥，是言論。So Phil Zimmermann created PGP. He was put under criminal investigation for three years. And a group called the Cypherpunks fought back. They wrote code, they put it in books, they shipped it overseas, and they argued this is not ammunition, this is speech.

2:00聯邦法院同意。我以為我們贏了。當我們做加密貨幣，我去找 Adam Szubin 談，他曾任 OFAC 主管。我說：「我們要為金錢做 Cypherpunks 為言論做的事。」他說：「那是通訊，這是金錢，你會輸。」And a federal court agreed. And so I thought we had won. So when we got into, like, encrypted money, I reached out to a guy that I sat down with named Adam Szubin. And Adam was a former director of OFAC. And I said, "We are going to do for money what the Cypherpunks did for speech." And he said, "That was about communication. This is about money. You will lose."

2:34言下之意是金錢比言論更危險，政府想控制金錢的程度超過控制你在網上說什麼。有一段時間我不以為然，我知道話在那，就「好喔 Adam」。And the implication was that money was more dangerous than speech, that the government wanted to control money more than they wanted to control what you can say online. And for a while, I kind of dismissed it. I knew that it was there. It was like, "Okay, Adam."

2:57但後來事情發生了：像我一樣金融服務被拒。有些開源開發者因寫保護隱私的開源程式入獄。事情變真了。我還被召去白宮開會，指示想辦法在 Zcash 裡加後門。But then things started to happen. People's financial services were rejected, like mine. Some open-source developers went to prison for writing open-source code that protected privacy. Things got real. And then I got summoned to a meeting with the White House, and I was instructed to figure out a way to include a backdoor within Zcash.

3:26Zashi 與 shielded 成長

3:26同時 Zcash 一度停滯，shielded、也就是私有化的 ZEC 比例觸頂。2024 年初開始轉變：我們第一次推出軟體，讓大家容易選用這種新貨幣。At the same time, Zcash was kind of languishing, so the amount of Zcash that was shielded or made private had kind of plateaued. And then in early 2024, something started to shift. For the first time, we introduced software that made it easy for people to opt into this new form of money.

3:48當時叫 Zashi，現在叫 Zodl。shielded ZEC 開始成長。我們加硬體支援，因為大家說想要硬體裝置簽章，成長變指數。我們加兌換進出，曲線幾乎垂直。It was called Zashi, now it's called Zodl. And the amount of shielded ZEC started to grow. We added hardware support because people said, we want hardware devices to be able to sign. And it grew exponentially. We added the ability to swap in and out, and it went completely vertical.

4:08會成長是因為大家想要這個選項。我們找到 product-market fit、滿足需求，做了簡單直覺的介面並交付。我們專注在舊金融體系之外、但相鄰的新金融體系，讓銀行變成可選。It did these things because people wanted the option. We found product-market fit. We met a need. We created a user interface that was easy and intuitive, and we delivered on that. So what we are focused on is creating a new financial system outside but adjacent to the old financial system in order to make banks optional.

4:31要做到這點，需要基本能力：能存、能在你要的時間地點花、能跑在你信任的基礎設施上。我們做了簡單介面。本週推出新產品 Zodl Vault。還需要更多產品才能交付，因為現實是我們要把 ZEC 送到數十億人手上。In order to do that, we have to have basic capabilities: the ability to save, the ability to spend when and where you want, and to be able to run on infrastructure that you trust. We've created these simple interfaces. This week, we launched a new product called Zodl Vault. There are additional products that will be needed to be able to deliver this, because the reality is we're trying to get ZEC in the hands of billions of people.

4:56從百人到數十億人

4:56我們從第一個 100 人、下一個 1000、1 萬、數十萬開始，現在要往百萬、再數十億。硬體與基礎設施在那了，軟體還沒完全到位，那是我們在建的方向。這場會議後，你們會收到一個連結。We started by saying, okay, we're going to get the first 100, then the next 1,000, then 10,000, then hundreds of thousands. Now it's on to millions and then to billions. The infrastructure and the hardware is there. The software is not yet there. But that is what we are building towards. And after this conference, you all will receive a link.

5:19我們會送一些免費 shielded ZEC。你可以下載 Zodl 錢包、收下 ZEC、私密保存、依你要的方式花用，跑在你信任的基礎設施上。謝謝。There will be a gift from us of some free shielded ZEC. You'll be able to download Zodl Wallet, accept that ZEC, save privately, spend how and where you want, and run on infrastructure that you trust. Thank you.