哈薩克：公共服務九成上網，下一步吸引誰？

0:00開場

0:00首先，我要感謝主辦單位和 Balaji 邀請我們來到網路國家大會，能來這裡是我們的榮幸。Balaji 搬到了哈薩克，Network School 也搬到了哈薩克，所以我們覺得這差不多算是在新加坡舉辦的哈薩克活動了。謝謝大家前來。在介紹哈薩克之前，先講講這一切是怎麼開始的。我記得 Balaji 是 7 月 22 日左右來到哈薩克，原本只打算待三天，結果現在已經待到第三個月了。First of all, I'd like to thank the organizers of the event, Balaji, for inviting to Network State Conference. It's a great privilege for us to be here. And given the fact that Balaji moved to Kazakhstan, the Network School moved to Kazakhstan, now we believe this is the more or less Kazakhstani event in Singapore. Thank you for coming. And, well, how it started. Before I give a presentation on Kazakhstan: so, Balaji came to Kazakhstan, if I remember well, like on the 22nd of July, and Balaji just was planning to be there only three days, but this is for the third month he's there in Kazakhstan.

0:45第一週我們就簽了幾份 MOU 和協議，也幫他找好了地點。這段期間，他已經把 200 多人帶到哈薩克，也和高等教育部、國營企業簽了 MOU 和協議。短短時間內，我們已經啟動了好幾個專案。哈薩克會全力支持 Balaji 擴張、發展，我想這只是開始。對哈薩克不太熟的朋友，哈薩克正在發展成一個科技國家。Within the first week, we signed several MOUs and agreements; we identified the location for him. So within this period, he moved more than 200 people there, and he signed with the Ministry of Higher Education, with national companies, the MOUs and agreements. So within this short period of time, there were a number of... Number of projects that we started already, and therefore, as Kazakhstan, we give full support to Balaji to expand, to develop, and I think this is just the beginning. So for those of you who don't know much about Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan is developing as a technological nation, as a...

1:30哈薩克要成為科技國家

1:36哈薩克總統 Tokayev 設定了目標，要在三年內把國家轉型成完全數位化的國家。今年被定為「數位化與人工智慧年」。過去至少 10 年，我們一直投資在數位化和數位轉型上，也累積了一些成果。依照聯合國的指數，哈薩克的線上服務品質排名全球前 10，數位政府發展排名第 24，而且已經建立起相當成熟的 GovTech 生態系。President of Kazakhstan, President Tokayev, has set a goal to convert the country in three years into a fully digital state. This year was announced as a year of digitalization and artificial intelligence, and we've been investing into digitalization, digital transformation for the last, I don't know, 10 years at least, and... There were some results achieved so far. So Kazakhstan is a top 10 country in terms of quality of online services, top 24 in terms of e-government development as per the UN index, and there is a pretty advanced GovTech ecosystem that has been built in Kazakhstan.

2:04線上政府服務品質全球前十

2:22在 1,300 多項公共服務中，超過 90% 都可以線上辦理。90% 的交易是無現金支付，個人證件幾乎全部數位化。所以在哈薩克，我們通常不帶實體身分證、實體駕照或其他實體證件。所有東西都在 eGov 平台或銀行平台上，搭飛機、搭火車、通勤、辦銀行業務或政府服務都可以用。依照法律，數位證件和實體證件具有同等效力。我們最初是以聊天機器人的形式把 AI 放進數位政府 App，現在它已經是可以一站辦完整套服務的平台。Out of more than 1,300 public services, more than 90% of services are all available online. 90% of transactions are cashless, and pretty much all the personal documents are digitized. So we don't carry, in Kazakhstan, usually we don't carry physical ID, physical driving license, any other physical documents. Everything is on the eGov platform or other, like, banking platforms that you can use while you travel, commute on the planes, trains, obtain banking services or government services. So, as per the law, digital documents are the equivalent of physical documents. So we embedded AI into the e-government application initially as a chatbot, but now it's a platform where you can get the end-to-end services.

3:19舉幾個主動式服務的例子。第一，申請房貸兩小時內就能核准，所有文件處理完、拿到房貸，現在只要幾個小時。買賣汽車最多五分鐘，透過銀行 App 或數位政府 App 就能完成，不用跟任何人見面，車牌會直接寄到家裡。出生證明也是，寶寶出生後，媽媽會收到一則附連結的訊息，透過連結就能幫孩子登記、取名、取得身分證號碼，並依照家庭的社會狀況，把育兒津貼或補助直接撥進銀行帳戶。And just to name a few cases on the proactive services that we have. First of all, you can apply for a mortgage and get an approval within two hours and just process all necessary documents and obtain the mortgage in a couple of hours now, and you can buy, sell a car in a matter of up to five minutes, and through the bank application or through the e-government application without meeting a person, and the car plate will be delivered to your home. And as per the birth certificate, after the baby's birth, the mother receives a message with a link through which you can register your child and give a name and obtain the identification number and get an allowance or measure of support depending on your social status to your bank account.

4:17這只是幾個例子，我們還在持續增加主動式服務。我們也決定打破數位政府的壟斷。對我們來說，銀行是推廣政府服務很好的管道，所以銀行可以透過 API 串接，自己也成為政府服務的提供者。哈薩克經營著區域內最大的 IT 樞紐。Astana Hub 有超過 2,500 家 IT 公司進駐，包括大型科技公司，享有各種支持措施和租稅優惠。Astana Hub 已經遍布哈薩克每個地區，而且還擴展到海外。So these are just a few cases, but we keep on adding the proactive services. And we decided to demonopolize e-government, and banks, for us, are pretty good channels to adopt government services, and that's why, through the APIs, you can connect and also be a provider of a government service. Kazakhstan runs the largest IT hub in the region. Astana Hub is the home for more than 2,500 IT companies, residents, and big tech companies, with all the measures of support, the tax incentives, and so on. Astana Hub is present in every region of Kazakhstan, but more than that, it expanded out of Kazakhstan.

4:44區域最大的 IT 樞紐

5:07我們在矽谷、上海、杜拜都設有 IT 樞紐，馬來西亞、英國和新加坡也正在開設。我們還成立了投資金額更大的創投母基金，因為我們認為哈薩克獨角獸的時代已經來了，我們也需要支持這些新創。等一下我會介紹一家哈薩克獨角獸，它是新創史上成長最快的新創。我們推動 AI 分成三大區塊：制度框架、基礎設施建設，以及人力資本培育。制度上，我們有一個獨立的 AI 與數位發展部。We have IT hubs in Silicon Valley, in Shanghai, in Dubai, and are opening up in Malaysia, in the UK, and in Singapore. And we launched our venture fund of funds for larger tickets, because we see that it's time for Kazakhstani unicorns, where we also need to support them, our startups, and — I'll talk about the one Kazakhstani unicorn which became the fastest-growing startup in the history of startups. So we approach AI in the three main blocks. First of all, institutional framework, infrastructure development, and human capital development. Institutionally, we have a separate Ministry of AI and Digital Development.

5:55我除了擔任副總理，同時也是 AI 與數位發展部部長。我們通過了全國性的「數位哈薩克」策略，也有獨立的 AI 法和數位法典，但目的不是過度監管 AI，而是納入一些倫理標準、名詞定義、AI 產品標示等規範。總統底下還設有 AI 委員會。委員會成員有哪些人？我們有 20 多位國際知名專家，包括前 Google Research 負責人 Peter Norvig、AI 先驅 Kai-Fu Lee 博士、圖靈獎得主 John Hopcroft、阿聯 AI 部長 Omar Al Olama，以及前百度總裁、現任清華大學 AI 研究負責人 Ya-Qin Zhang。So, along with being the Deputy Prime Minister, I'm at the same time the Minister of AI and Digital Development, and we approved the nationwide strategy, Digital Kazakhstan. We have a separate AI law and digital code, but this is not to overregulate AI. This is just to take into account some ethical standards, terminology, labeling of AI products, and so on. And we have the AI Council under the President of Kazakhstan. Who are the members of the AI Council? We have more than 20 well-known international experts, and Peter Norvig is the former head of Google Research. We have Dr. Kai-Fu Lee, who is the AI visionary. We have John Hopcroft, who is the Turing Award laureate. We have Minister Omar Al Olama, the Minister of AI of the UAE, and Ya-Qin Zhang, the former president of Baidu and currently head of AI in Tsinghua University.

6:57還有 Coursera 共同創辦人、現任 DeepLearning.AI 創辦人 Andrew Ng，以及其他專家。他們每年會實際來哈薩克兩次，和總統見面，指導我們的 AI 政策、調整數位策略。哈薩克正在打造完整的 AI 經濟堆疊。我們認為現在判斷 AI 最大價值落在哪裡還太早，所以必須有系統地推進。套用 Jensen 有名的「五層蛋糕」，第一層是能源。Andrew Ng is the co-founder of Coursera and currently the founder of DeepLearning.AI. And so, and other experts, and all of them come to Kazakhstan twice a year in an offline format to be with the president and guide us on AI policy and adjust the digital strategy. Kazakhstan is building the full AI economy stack. So we believe that it's too early to identify where would be the highest value of AI, so it's important to move in a systemic way. So in terms of the first layer, it's famous Jensen's five-layer cake, and the first layer is the energy.

7:25打造完整的 AI 經濟堆疊

7:47哈薩克計畫在 2035 年前讓能源產能翻倍，2030 年前會新增 13 GW 以上。目前我們的裝置容量約 25 GW。晶片方面，我們不是晶片生產國，但能取得這些先進技術很重要。我們和美國維持良好關係，正在取得出口許可，目前也正在興建 GW 級的 AI 資料中心。模型層方面，我們有哈薩克語的大型語言模型，都是開源方案。Kazakhstan is planning to double its energy capacity by 2035. 2035, and more than 13 gigawatts will be added until 2030. Currently, we have around 25 gigawatts of installed energy capacity. And in terms of chips, yeah, we are not the producer of chips, but it's important to have access to all these advanced technologies. We maintain good relationships with the U.S. and are obtaining the export licenses, and currently we are building the gigascale AI data centers, and the infrastructure models, Kazakh large language models. So these are the open-source solutions.

8:33我們用哈薩克語的 token 來訓練模型，好掌握哈薩克的脈絡和特性。再來是應用層。我們在為人才打造基礎設施，包括 Network School 在內，提供他們開發應用和新產品所需的一切條件。去年我們啟用了區域內最大的兩台超級電腦，搭載 NVIDIA GPU，提供給大學、新創、銀行等單位使用。但這只是開始，現在我們正在把 GPU 叢集擴大。We train them with the Kazakh tokens in order to capture the Kazakhstani context and specifics. And the applications layer. This is, we are building an infrastructure for our talents, and including the Network School, we give all necessary conditions for them to build the applications and new products. Last year, we launched two largest supercomputers in the region with the NVIDIA GPUs, but this was just the beginning. This was provided to our universities, startups, banks, and so on. But this was just the beginning. Now we're expanding the GPU clusters into bigger ones.

9:21目前的目標是幾年內至少達到 1 GW。地點在哈薩克北部和東部，那裡是哈薩克的能源重鎮。我們正和幾家 neocloud 業者以及 NVIDIA 合作，打造 GW 級的 AI 樞紐，具備低延遲的「資料大使館」，電價每度 2.5 美分，而且由單一營運商提供一站式服務，沒有官僚、沒有繁文縟節。我們執行速度很快。明年計畫上線 250 到 300 MW，2028 到 2029 年達到 1 GW。So, like, at least one gigawatt right now is being targeted in a couple of years. It's the northern and eastern part of Kazakhstan, the powerhouse of Kazakhstan, and currently, together with some neoclouds and NVIDIA, we are building a gigascale AI hub with the low-latency data embassy, the energy price two and a half cents per kilowatt hour, and in a one-stop-shop format, there is an operator. So no bureaucracy, no red tape. We're pretty quick on execution. So next year we are planning 250 to 300 megawatts to be on, and in 2028 and 2029 to reach one gigawatt.

10:11國家 AI 平台已經開發完成，提供給所有公部門和政府機關使用。並不是由 AI 部負責幫每個單位做 AI agent，而是我們教大家怎麼訓練、怎麼微調，提供 GPU、資料集和 LLM，每一位公部門員工都受過訓練，知道怎麼打造 AI agent，並用在自己的業務領域。我們也投資網路基礎設施和光纖建設。到明年底，超過 90% 的村莊都能接上光纖。The national AI platform, so that it's developed and provided to all the public agencies, government agencies. So it's not that the AI Ministry is responsible to build AI agents for everyone. We teach how to train them, how to fine-tune them, give GPUs, datasets, LLMs, and every employee in the public sector is trained how to build AI agents and use them in their specific industries. We invest into the internet infrastructure, fiber optics infrastructure. So next year, by the end of next year, more than 90% of villages will have access to fiber optics.

11:01哈薩克國土很大，面積全球第九，有 270 萬平方公里，要用光纖覆蓋並不容易，但我們還是持續投資。5G 正在建置，這個月我們也要啟用跨裏海光纖作為備援，因為超大規模雲端業者需要備援和良好的連線。Starlink 和 Eutelsat OneWeb 已經全國可用，明年 Amazon LEO 也會上線。哈薩克的太空產業幾乎是垂直整合的。我們經營全球最大的太空發射場，有研發機構，也有自己的衛星製造廠，並以此為基礎建立國際衛星星系。Kazakhstan is a big country, number nine in the world, 2.7 million square kilometers, and not easy to cover with fiber optics, but nevertheless we invest into it. 5G is being rolled out, and this month we are launching Trans-Caspian fiber optics for redundancy because hyperscalers need redundancy and good connectivity, and Starlink, OneWeb, Eutelsat OneWeb are available nationwide, and next year Amazon LEO also will be available. Kazakhstan is almost vertically integrated in the space industry. We are running the largest cosmodrome in the world. We have R&D institutions. We have satellite production, our own satellite production facility, based on which we are building an international satellite constellation.

11:39太空產業幾乎垂直整合

11:59去年起，我們史上第一次開始出口衛星。我們原本在開發自己的發射台，後來轉向開發運載火箭，以便能獨立發射。SpaceX 等大公司讓市場高度集中，我們認為哈薩克有機會搶下一些市占。我們也投資人力資本。全國性的 AI Sana 計畫，目標是打造科技國家，涵蓋所有族群：中小學生、大學生、技能提升與轉職計畫、公部門員工。上個月我們還成立了 AI 大學。For the first time in history, we started to export satellites since last year, and we have We were developing our own launch pad and switched to developing the launch vehicles for the independent launches. We believe that there is an opportunity for Kazakhstan to capture market share, given the concentration on the market by other big names like SpaceX and so on. We are investing into our human capital. So there is a nationwide AI Sana program to build a technological nation. We cover all population groups: school kids, students, upskilling, reskilling programs, public sector employees, and this last month we launched AI University.

12:59總統也特別發布命令，要求哈薩克所有學校開設 AI 課程。Alem.AI 是國際 AI 中心，也是總統推動的專案。抱歉，投影片好像放錯了。好，有些投影片不見了，那我就從這裡開始講。AI 中心一樓是公共空間，有 AI 博物館、AI 電影院、兒童 AI 區、活動區和黑客松區，讓民眾以互動、沉浸的方式感受 AI。And there was a special decree by the President of Kazakhstan to launch in all schools of Kazakhstan AI classes, AI courses. Alem.AI is the International AI Center, also the project of our president, and we... Launched... Sorry, some wrong slides, I guess. Okay, some slides are missing, I see, but let me start from here then. So, on the first floor of the AI Center, we have a public space, AI Museum, AI Cinema, AI zone for kids, the events zone, hackathons zone, and so this is the area where people get inspired by AI interactively and immersively.

13:58二樓和三樓是 TUMO 教育，涵蓋 11 個 IT 領域，不只生成式 AI，還有機器人、網頁開發、電腦繪圖，也包括一些創意產業，像是數位音樂和電影製作，對象是 12 到 18 歲。四樓是 Tomorrow School，採同儕學習，沒有老師，完全以 AI 為主。五樓整層都是 Network School，看到 Network School 的人把這裡填滿，我們很開心。AI 大學也有一部分在那裡。六樓是新創的 AI 園區。On the second and third floor, we have TUMO education on 11 areas in IT, not only generative AI; there is robotics, web development, computer graphics, some creative industries are covered, digital music, filmmaking. It's from 12 to 18 years old. On the fourth floor, we have Tomorrow School, which is peer-to-peer learning, no teachers, and purely on AI. And on the fifth floor, we have Network School located there, the full floor. And we're happy to see how it's populated by the Network School. We have also partially AI University there. On the sixth floor, we have AI campus for startups.

14:28五樓就是 Network School

14:44哈薩克的 Astana Hub 是 Google for Startups 的獨家合作夥伴，也和 Alchemist B2B 加速器、Draper University 加速器、StartX 計畫合作，這裡就是 AI 新創的工廠。七樓是研發實驗室和 AI 實驗室，進駐的有 Presight、G42、Smart City Lab、Telegram AI Lab、NVIDIA、Firebird，還有本地大型科技公司的 AI 實驗室。八樓、也就是頂樓，是 AI 驅動的政府辦公室，有政府加速計畫。這裡是企業、學界和政府合作，把 AI 導入各個經濟部門的地方。Astana Hub in Kazakhstan is an exclusive partner of Google for Startups, and Alchemist B2B Accelerator, Draper University Accelerator, StartX program. So this is the factory for AI startups. We have the seventh floor with the R&D labs and AI labs there. There is Presight, G42, Smart City Lab, Telegram AI Lab, Nvidia, Firebird, and local big tech companies also represented there for their AI labs. And on the eighth floor, the final floor, we have an AI-driven government office with the government acceleration programs. And this is the area where business, science, and government cooperate on embedding AI into the economy sector.

15:38所以這是一個大漏斗：一樓涵蓋全體民眾、各種族群，接著是孩子、學生、新創、大型科技公司，最好的方案會導入經濟部門。國際 AI 中心 Alem.AI 是一個更大生態系的一部分。2017 年哈薩克舉辦了世界博覽會。我認為這是博覽會園區最好的再利用方式之一，把 expo 變成 exponential（指數成長）聚落。我們設立了機器人與無人機工作室、農業科技實驗室、醫療科技實驗室，而且還在持續建設。這些基礎設施吸引了鄰近國家的人才，所以我們需要為他們打造人才之家和新創之家。So this is as a big funnel which covers, on the first floor, the whole population, the wide population groups, and goes through the kids, students, startups, big tech companies, and the best solutions are embedded into the economy sector. Alem.AI, the International AI Center, is a part of a bigger ecosystem. In 2017, Kazakhstan ran the International Expo. And I believe this is one of the best post-uses of the expo zones, to convert it from expo to exponential cluster. We launched the robot tech and drone tech studios, agri-tech labs, medtech labs, and we are building. Given the development of this infrastructure, it attracts talents from neighboring countries, and therefore we need to build the talent house, startup house for them.

16:31我們也正在推出給人才的新共居空間。接下來我想簡單介紹一家哈薩克的 AI 新創 Higgsfield。估值 54 億美元已經是舊資訊了，現在估值幾乎翻倍。它是文字生成影片的平台，在同類技術中相當領先。他們的團隊都在阿斯塔納和阿拉木圖，目前有 600 多人，其中 90% 在阿拉木圖，平均年齡 25 歲。And we are launching the new co-living spaces for the talents. And Higgsfield is the AI startup from Kazakhstan that I want to shortly speak about. The startup is already, the 5.4 billion is the old information, so now it's almost doubled its valuation, and it's a text-to-video generation platform, and they are pretty advanced among the similar technologies. So all of them are based in Astana, in Almaty, and more than 600 people right now; 90% of them are in Almaty, and average age is 25.

16:38哈薩克 AI 新創 Higgsfield

17:24有些人沒有大學學歷。它是目前成長最快的新創，ARR 在 18 個月內從 100 萬美元成長到 10 億美元。政府支持它，NVIDIA 也支持它，NVIDIA 是投資人之一，成長非常快。再來是加密產業。我們部會負責加密產業，並且從整條價值鏈來發展。我們核發挖礦業者執照，認證礦池，也核發加密貨幣交易所執照。持牌交易所可以和商業銀行串接，作為加密貨幣與法幣之間的出入金管道。Some of them don't have university degree, and so it's the fastest-growing startup as of now, from 1 million to 1 billion within 18 months of ARR. And so, yeah, and government is supporting it, NVIDIA supports it. NVIDIA is one of the investors. And so, growing pretty fast. Crypto industry. Our ministry is responsible for the crypto industry, and we are developing it through the whole value chain. We are licensing the mining firms, give accreditations for mining pools. We license crypto exchanges. Licensed crypto exchanges allowed to integrate with commercial banks for the on/off-ramp channels for the crypto-fiat channels.

17:48加密產業

18:16我們修改了法規，開放加密貨幣兌換所、加密貨幣卡、加密貨幣 ATM 和支付工具。過去三、四個月，已經有超過 5,000 家商家加入加密貨幣支付。有了這套監管框架和法規確定性，我們看到 Binance、Bybit、Solana 等大型業者都來到哈薩克開設辦公室。在我們這個區域，哈薩克大概是唯一一個讓這些公司持牌、正式設點的國家。今年我們也開始試辦自駕車、無人計程車、無人機配送，飛行計程車目前也在測試，包括在 Alatau City。待會我的同事會更完整地介紹 Alatau City。We amended the regulation to allow crypto exchange shops, crypto cards, crypto ATMs, and the pay instruments. And more than 5,000 merchants already within the last three, four months expanded their crypto pay instruments. So given this regulation and regulatory framework and certainty, we see the big guys like Binance, Bybit, Solana, and so on are coming to Kazakhstan, opening up their offices. Kazakhstan, in our part of the world, probably Kazakhstan is the only country where those companies are represented officially with their license. And... We are, we've started this year, we started pilot projects on autonomous vehicles, robotaxis, drone delivery, and the flying taxis are being tested right now, including in Alatau City, and we'll have our colleagues give more broader presentation on Alatau City.

19:19這是一座自主監管的城市，占地 88,000 公頃，有自己的法規。要導入新規範不需要修法，只要簽一份監管文件就好。整個區域都是自由經濟區，分成四個區：市中心、教育與醫療聚落、交通物流樞紐，以及度假區。它採用英國普通法原則治理，我們還為此修改了憲法，好導入新的規範。來到哈薩克，你可以在兩套制度之間選擇。It's a self-regulated city, 88,000 hectares, and so it has its own regulation. You don't need to change the law in order to embed new regulation there. You just need to sign a regulatory paper. The full territory is the free economic zone, and it has four districts: the downtown, the educational and medical cluster, transport and logistics hub, and the resort area, and it's governed by the British common law, common law principles, and we've changed the constitution in order to embed a new regulation. When you come to Kazakhstan, you are being able to choose between two.

20:07你可以依哈薩克法律設立公司，也可以選擇英國普通法。我們從英國請來法官，設有國際仲裁中心，哈薩克也有國際法院體系，和杜拜國際金融中心（DIFC）的制度很類似。Alatau City 這座新的自主監管城市，待會會有更詳細的介紹。再來是 Trusted Kazakhstan。我們也在 Network School 等夥伴的協助下，建立了數位遊牧簽證、數位遊牧居留和電子居留等幾種制度。不用親自來哈薩克，就能取得居留身分、開銀行帳戶等等。Regulations: you can open a company under Kazakh jurisdiction as well as British common law. We brought judges from England. We have an International Arbitration Center; we have an international court system in Kazakhstan, so it's pretty similar to what we have in DIFC. But you'll have a more detailed presentation on Alatau City, on this new self-regulated city. And Trusted Kazakhstan: we, with the help also, including with the help of Network School, we've built several digital nomad visa, digital nomad residency, and e-residency regimes. So without coming to Kazakhstan, you can obtain a residency, open a bank account, and so on.

20:34Trusted Kazakhstan：數位遊牧簽證與電子居留

20:56如果你想來哈薩克長住，也可以完全線上申請數位遊牧簽證和居留。從明年 1 月開始還會有黃金簽證，家人也能一併適用。審核一開始是 AI 面試、AI 篩選，再進行核准，我們讓整個流程非常順暢。我的報告就到這裡。真希望有更多時間跟大家介紹哈薩克，有計畫來哈薩克的朋友，歡迎來當我們的客人。Or if you want to come to Kazakhstan, you can apply fully digitally, in an online format, for a digital nomad visa and residency for a longer stay. Next year, from January next year, there will be a golden visa, which will extend to your families as well. So initially, there are AI interviews, an AI selection process, and approvals that happen, and so we made the process pretty smooth for that. So this is the end. I hope I could have more time to give you more about Kazakhstan, but for those of you who plan to visit Kazakhstan, please be our guests.

21:45最後再次感謝 Balaji 的團隊選擇把總部設在哈薩克。網路國家會得到哈薩克政府的全力支持。非常謝謝大家。And again, so I would like to thank Balaji's team for choosing Kazakhstan for their headquarters. And so Network State will have the full support of the government of Kazakhstan. Thank you very much.